State practice shows that belligerent occupants may suspend innocent passage of foreign ships in the territorial sea of the occupied territory. For example, on 2 May 2004, the United States, acting as an occupying Power in Iraq, issued a notice to mariners establishing with immediate effect a 2,000-metre exclusion zone around the Khawr Al’Amaya and Al Basra oil terminals in the Persian Gulf and temporarily suspended “the right of innocent passage […] in accordance with international law around [these] oil terminals within Iraqi territorial waters.”
The question is thus not whether the Russian Federation is the “coastal State” with regard to the Crimean Peninsula but whether it is the “occupying Power” there. During the ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine the law of the sea is at least partly supplanted by the law of armed conflict and, in particular, the law of occupation. Germany and other States cannot consider Russia to be an occupying Power in Crimea and, at the same time, deny it the rights that come with that status.
Переводите сами, кому охота. Но, короче, это никакие не "международные воды", а территориальные. И тогда либо Россия оккупирует Крым, но тогда Россия, как страна-оккупант, имеет право ограничивать "невинный проход" военных кораблей в оккупированных территориальных водах, согласно правилам ведения конфликта. Либо не оккупирует, но тогда тоже имеет право, потому что это ее территориальные воды.
