Довольно забавная статья о генетических исследованиях в провинции Антиохия в Колумбии. Население провинции долго жило в относительной изоляции. Так сказать, 100 лет генетического одиночества. Копнули маркеры в Y-хромосоме (наследуется только от отца к сыну) и мтДНК (наследуется только от матери потомству обоих полов). Оказалась, что у местного населения почти все Y-х. от испанцев (94%, да еще каким-то боком евреи-сефарды затесались), а почти все мтДНК от индейского племени (90%). Вспомнился еще роман Р. Мерля "Остров."
Короче, индейцев перебили, а их женщин забрали себе. Абстракт под катом.
Strong Amerind/White Sex Bias and a Possible Sephardic Contribution
among the Founders of a Population in Northwest Colombia
Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona,1,4 Iva´n D. Soto,1 Nicola´s Pineda,1 Daniel Ortı´z-Barrientos,1
Constanza Duque,1 Jorge Ospina-Duque,2 Mark McCarthy,5 Patricia Montoya,1–3
Victor M. Alvarez,3 Gabriel Bedoya,1 and Andre´s Ruiz-Linares1,4
1Laboratorio de Gene´tica Molecular, 2Departamento de Psiquiatrı´a, and 3Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellı´n,
Colombia; 4Department of Medical and Community Genetics, Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, and
5Complex Trait Analysis Group, Imperial College Genetics and Genomics Research Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine
(Hammersmith Campus), London
Historical and genetic evidences suggest that the recently founded population of Antioquia (Colombia) is potentially
useful for the genetic mapping of complex traits. This population was established in the 16th–17th centuries through
the admixture of Amerinds, Europeans, and Africans and grew in relative isolation until the late 19th century. To
examine the origin of the founders of Antioquia, we typed 11 markers on the nonrecombining portion of the Y
chromosome and four markers on mtDNA in a sample of individuals with confirmed Antioquian ancestry. The
polymorphisms on the Y chromosome (five biallelic markers and six microsatellites) allow an approximation to the
origin of founder men, and those on mtDNA identify the four major founder Native American lineages. These data
indicate that »94% of the Y chromosomes are European, 5% are African, and 1% are Amerind. Y-chromosome data
are consistent with an origin of founders predominantly in southern Spain but also suggest that a fraction came from
northern Iberia and that some possibly had a Sephardic origin. In stark contrast with the Y-chromosome, »90% of
the mtDNA gene pool of Antioquia is Amerind, with the frequency of the four Amerind founder lineages being closest
to Native Americans currently living in the area. These results indicate a highly asymmetric pattern of mating in early
Antioquia, involving mostly immigrant men and local native women. The discordance of our data with blood-group
estimates of admixture suggests that the number of founder men was larger than that of women.